1917 – Vietnamese prison guards led by Trịnh Văn Cấn mutiny at the Thái Nguyên penitentiary against local French authority.1916 – Ernest Shackleton completes the rescue of all of his men stranded on Elephant Island in Antarctica.1914 – World War I: Germans defeat the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg.1909 – Burgess Shale fossils are discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.1896 – Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.1873 – Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Josef Land in the Arctic Sea.1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Richmond: Confederates under Edmund Kirby Smith rout Union forces under General William "Bull" Nelson.1836 – The city of Houston is founded by Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen.1835 – Australia: Melbourne, Victoria is founded.1813 – Creek War: Fort Mims massacre: Creek " Red Sticks" kill over 500 settlers (including over 250 armed militia) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.1813 – First Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian- Prussian-Russian alliance.1800 – Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.1799 – The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the War of the Second Coalition.
1791 – HMS Pandora sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.1757 – Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf: Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin beats a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.1727 – Anne, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain, is given the title Princess Royal.1721 – The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia ends in the Treaty of Nystad.
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